Background
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is an important protein that connects cell membrane receptors and effectors for signal transduction. STAT1 is activated by tyrosine kinase (JAK) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) to phosphorylate the conserved tyrosine and serine residues in the C-terminal activation region to form a dimer After translocation enters the nucleus and regulates target genes, its main signaling pathway is dependent on the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway. STAT1 is highly expressed in normal human brain tissues, but is low or not expressed in human glioma tissues. STAT1 has an inhibitory effect on gliomas, mainly by promoting cell apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, negatively regulating the cell cycle, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, and reducing tumor migration and invasion capabilities. In some tumors, the excessive activation of STAT1 does not induce tumor cell apoptosis, but promotes tumor cell proliferation and drug resistance.